MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN THE WESTERN USA
Defining the Problem
What is a Weed?
>
Federal Definitions of Noxious Weeds
Costs of invasive plants
Human Factor
Challenges of Invasive Plants
Wildfires in the Western USA
>
Forest Fires: Structure
Bark Beetles & Forest Ecosystems
Rangeland Fires
Climate Change Impacts on Plants
>
Climate Change: CO2, NO, UV, Ozone Impacts on Plants
Climate Change Impacts on Crops
Climate Change Impacts on C4 Plants
Climate Change Impacts on Rangeland
What are we doing?
Focus of this Project
Why Western States?
>
Audience for these reports
History: Are we doomed to repeat it?
>
Dust Bowl Re-visited
>
China: Past & Present
UN Biodiversity Report
Policy vs. Practice
Ecosystems & Economics
>
Reductionist Approach to science
Ecology & Feminism
Systems View of Life
Ecosystems Health
Economic Growth
Impact of the Petrochemical Industry
Interrelation of Economics & Ecology
Federal Agencies
>
Federal Agencies and Invasive Species
History of Coordination with States
Challenges of Coordination between Federal Agencies
Collaboration or Confusion
Organizations to assist landowners
Federal Legislation on Invasive Species
>
1930s Federal Laws on Invasive Species
Federal Seed Act 1939
1940s-1960s Federal Laws on Invasive Species
1970s Federal Laws on Invasive Species
1980s Federal Laws on Invasive Species
1990s Federal Laws on Invasive Species
2000-2010 Federal Laws on Invasive Species
2011-2022 Federal Laws on Invasive Species
Federal Bills on Invasive Species not passed
Executive Orders on Invasive Species
Federal Excise Taxes
State Laws and Lists of Noxious Weeds
My Inspirations
Why we need plants
Native Plants
Plant Resources
Invasive Success Hypotheses
Unified Framework
Role of Diversity
>
How Ecosystems Maintain Diversity
Fluctuation Dependent Mechanisms
Competition-based coexistence mechanisms
Niche Differences
Species Richness
Enemy Release Hypothesis
Constitutive Defense Mechanisms
Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability
Role of Microbes
Indirect Defense Mechanisms
Novel weapons hypothesis
Evolutionary Shifts
Resource Allocation
Evolutionary Dynamics
>
Pre-introduction evolutionary history
Sampling Effect
Founder Effect
Admixture, hybridization and polyploidization
Rapid Evolution
Epigenetics
Second Genomes
Role of Hybridization
Role of Native Plant Neighbors
Species Performance
Role of Herbivory
Evolutionary Reduced Competitive Ability
Summary Thoughts on Research
Historical Record
Regional Conferences
Timeline
Innovative Solutions
Agricultural Best Practices
>
Ecologically based Successional Management
Perennial Crops, Intercropping, beneficial insects
Soil Solarization
Natural Farming
Permaculture
Organic Farming
Embedding Natural Habitats
Conservation Tillage
Crop Rotation
Water Use Practices
Tree Planting: Pros & Cons
Grazing Solutions
>
Sheep and Goat Grazing
Cattle & Sheep Grazing
Cattle and Bison Grazing
Grazing and Revegetation
Rangeland Restoration
>
Federal Goals for Rangelands
Novel Ecosystems
Prairie Restoration
>
Prairie Restoration Workshop
Weed Prevention Areas
California grassland restoration
Selah: Bamberger Ranch Preserve
Sagebrush Steppe Restoration
>
Low Nitrogen in Sagebrush Steppe
Revegetation with Native Plants
Dogs as detectors of noxious weeds
Nudges
Biological Control
Insects as Biocontrol
>
Impacts of Biocontrol Agents on Non-Target Species
Indirect Impact of Biocontrol on Native Species
Challenges of Using Biocontrols
>
DNA studies on Biocontrol Insects
Biocontrol takes time
Prioritization process for Biocontrol Programs
Evolutionary changes impact Biocontrol
Vertebrates as Biocontrol Agents
Herbicides: History and Impacts
Effectiveness of Herbicides in Agricultural Lands
Effectiveness of Herbicides in Rangelands
History of Use of Herbicides and Pesticides Prior to and During WWII
Herbicide use during and post-World War II
>
2,4-D Herbicide Use
2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, post-World War II
Modern use of Herbicides
>
Atrazine Herbicide
Dicamba Herbicide
Glyphosate Herbicide
Paraquat Dichloride
Picolinic acid family of herbicides
>
Picloram (Tordon 22K) Herbicide
Triclopyr Herbicide
Herbicide Resistance in Invasive Plants
>
Herbicide Resistant Crops
Controlling herbicide-resistant weeds in herbicide-resistant crops
Best Management Practices
Myth of the Silver Bullet
Myth of Eradication
Merging of Agrochemical Companies
Impacts of Pesticides on Environment and Human Health
>
Pesticide Drift
Impacts of Pesticides on Biological Diversity
Impacts of Herbicides on Native Plants
Pesticide Impacts on Insects
>
Butterflies: The Impacts of Herbicides
Monarch Butterflies: Impacts of Herbicides
Impacts of Pesticides on Wildlife
>
Reptiles & Amphibians: Pesticide Impacts
Pesticide Residue in Foods
Funding for Research on Pesticides
Commentary on Herbicide Use
Interviews
Interviews Biocontrol
>
Biocontrol Wyoming
Montana Biocontrol Interview Maggio
Montana Biocontrol Interview Breitenfeldt
California Interviews
>
Robert Price
Doug Johnson
Colorado Interviews
>
George Beck Interview
Scott Nissen Interview
Idaho Interviews
>
Purple Sage Organic Farms in Idaho
Montana Interviews
>
Jasmine Reimer Interview Montana
Organic Farms Montana Interviews
Texas Interviews
Washington Interviews
>
Ray Willard
Wyoming Interviews
>
Slade Franklin Interview
John Samson Interview
Wyoming Weed and Pest Districts
>
Josh Shorb Interview
Slade Franklin Interview 2
Lars Baker Interview
Steve Brill Interview
George Hittle Interview
Peter Illoway Interview
Robert Jenn Interview
Sharon Johnson Interview
Larry Justesen Interview
Gale Lamb Interview
Stephen McNamee Interview
Allen Mooney Interview
Rob Orchard Interview
Robert Parsons Interview
Dick Sackett Interview
Comments by Delena
NRCS Interviews: Wyoming
Western Weed Control Conference 1940s Minutes
1942 Conference
1945 Conference
1946 Conference
Who am I?
My Work
My Adventures
Contact Page
Road Logs
Colorado Road Logs
Idaho Road Logs
Montana Road Logs
New Mexico Road Logs
Texas Road Logs
Wyoming Road Logs
Bibliography
Photo: Texas goats eating noxious weeds. © 2017 Delena Norris-Tull
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Also refer to the section on the
Prairie Restoration Workshop
I attended in East Texas.
Interviews from Other States
Defining the Problem
What is a Weed?
>
Federal Definitions of Noxious Weeds
Costs of invasive plants
Human Factor
Challenges of Invasive Plants
Wildfires in the Western USA
>
Forest Fires: Structure
Bark Beetles & Forest Ecosystems
Rangeland Fires
Climate Change Impacts on Plants
>
Climate Change: CO2, NO, UV, Ozone Impacts on Plants
Climate Change Impacts on Crops
Climate Change Impacts on C4 Plants
Climate Change Impacts on Rangeland
What are we doing?
Focus of this Project
Why Western States?
>
Audience for these reports
History: Are we doomed to repeat it?
>
Dust Bowl Re-visited
>
China: Past & Present
UN Biodiversity Report
Policy vs. Practice
Ecosystems & Economics
>
Reductionist Approach to science
Ecology & Feminism
Systems View of Life
Ecosystems Health
Economic Growth
Impact of the Petrochemical Industry
Interrelation of Economics & Ecology
Federal Agencies
>
Federal Agencies and Invasive Species
History of Coordination with States
Challenges of Coordination between Federal Agencies
Collaboration or Confusion
Organizations to assist landowners
Federal Legislation on Invasive Species
>
1930s Federal Laws on Invasive Species
Federal Seed Act 1939
1940s-1960s Federal Laws on Invasive Species
1970s Federal Laws on Invasive Species
1980s Federal Laws on Invasive Species
1990s Federal Laws on Invasive Species
2000-2010 Federal Laws on Invasive Species
2011-2022 Federal Laws on Invasive Species
Federal Bills on Invasive Species not passed
Executive Orders on Invasive Species
Federal Excise Taxes
State Laws and Lists of Noxious Weeds
My Inspirations
Why we need plants
Native Plants
Plant Resources
Invasive Success Hypotheses
Unified Framework
Role of Diversity
>
How Ecosystems Maintain Diversity
Fluctuation Dependent Mechanisms
Competition-based coexistence mechanisms
Niche Differences
Species Richness
Enemy Release Hypothesis
Constitutive Defense Mechanisms
Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability
Role of Microbes
Indirect Defense Mechanisms
Novel weapons hypothesis
Evolutionary Shifts
Resource Allocation
Evolutionary Dynamics
>
Pre-introduction evolutionary history
Sampling Effect
Founder Effect
Admixture, hybridization and polyploidization
Rapid Evolution
Epigenetics
Second Genomes
Role of Hybridization
Role of Native Plant Neighbors
Species Performance
Role of Herbivory
Evolutionary Reduced Competitive Ability
Summary Thoughts on Research
Historical Record
Regional Conferences
Timeline
Innovative Solutions
Agricultural Best Practices
>
Ecologically based Successional Management
Perennial Crops, Intercropping, beneficial insects
Soil Solarization
Natural Farming
Permaculture
Organic Farming
Embedding Natural Habitats
Conservation Tillage
Crop Rotation
Water Use Practices
Tree Planting: Pros & Cons
Grazing Solutions
>
Sheep and Goat Grazing
Cattle & Sheep Grazing
Cattle and Bison Grazing
Grazing and Revegetation
Rangeland Restoration
>
Federal Goals for Rangelands
Novel Ecosystems
Prairie Restoration
>
Prairie Restoration Workshop
Weed Prevention Areas
California grassland restoration
Selah: Bamberger Ranch Preserve
Sagebrush Steppe Restoration
>
Low Nitrogen in Sagebrush Steppe
Revegetation with Native Plants
Dogs as detectors of noxious weeds
Nudges
Biological Control
Insects as Biocontrol
>
Impacts of Biocontrol Agents on Non-Target Species
Indirect Impact of Biocontrol on Native Species
Challenges of Using Biocontrols
>
DNA studies on Biocontrol Insects
Biocontrol takes time
Prioritization process for Biocontrol Programs
Evolutionary changes impact Biocontrol
Vertebrates as Biocontrol Agents
Herbicides: History and Impacts
Effectiveness of Herbicides in Agricultural Lands
Effectiveness of Herbicides in Rangelands
History of Use of Herbicides and Pesticides Prior to and During WWII
Herbicide use during and post-World War II
>
2,4-D Herbicide Use
2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, post-World War II
Modern use of Herbicides
>
Atrazine Herbicide
Dicamba Herbicide
Glyphosate Herbicide
Paraquat Dichloride
Picolinic acid family of herbicides
>
Picloram (Tordon 22K) Herbicide
Triclopyr Herbicide
Herbicide Resistance in Invasive Plants
>
Herbicide Resistant Crops
Controlling herbicide-resistant weeds in herbicide-resistant crops
Best Management Practices
Myth of the Silver Bullet
Myth of Eradication
Merging of Agrochemical Companies
Impacts of Pesticides on Environment and Human Health
>
Pesticide Drift
Impacts of Pesticides on Biological Diversity
Impacts of Herbicides on Native Plants
Pesticide Impacts on Insects
>
Butterflies: The Impacts of Herbicides
Monarch Butterflies: Impacts of Herbicides
Impacts of Pesticides on Wildlife
>
Reptiles & Amphibians: Pesticide Impacts
Pesticide Residue in Foods
Funding for Research on Pesticides
Commentary on Herbicide Use
Interviews
Interviews Biocontrol
>
Biocontrol Wyoming
Montana Biocontrol Interview Maggio
Montana Biocontrol Interview Breitenfeldt
California Interviews
>
Robert Price
Doug Johnson
Colorado Interviews
>
George Beck Interview
Scott Nissen Interview
Idaho Interviews
>
Purple Sage Organic Farms in Idaho
Montana Interviews
>
Jasmine Reimer Interview Montana
Organic Farms Montana Interviews
Texas Interviews
Washington Interviews
>
Ray Willard
Wyoming Interviews
>
Slade Franklin Interview
John Samson Interview
Wyoming Weed and Pest Districts
>
Josh Shorb Interview
Slade Franklin Interview 2
Lars Baker Interview
Steve Brill Interview
George Hittle Interview
Peter Illoway Interview
Robert Jenn Interview
Sharon Johnson Interview
Larry Justesen Interview
Gale Lamb Interview
Stephen McNamee Interview
Allen Mooney Interview
Rob Orchard Interview
Robert Parsons Interview
Dick Sackett Interview
Comments by Delena
NRCS Interviews: Wyoming
Western Weed Control Conference 1940s Minutes
1942 Conference
1945 Conference
1946 Conference
Who am I?
My Work
My Adventures
Contact Page
Road Logs
Colorado Road Logs
Idaho Road Logs
Montana Road Logs
New Mexico Road Logs
Texas Road Logs
Wyoming Road Logs
Bibliography